Although we can’t communicate with our plants using words, they do communicate with us in many other ways. For example through subtle signs: drooping or browning leaves may indicate thirst or overwatering, yellow leaves can point to nutrient deficiencies, and moldy apples might reveal issues in orchard management. Even the smallest changes in plant growth or soil condition can tell us something important about the health of our garden.

In permaculture, we pay close attention to this feedback and use it to guide our actions. When a solution works—whether it’s adjusting watering schedules or improving soil health—that’s positive feedback that informs our next steps. This principle is closely connected to the first principle, “observe and interact”: by constantly observing our surroundings and responding thoughtfully, we create systems that are resilient, adaptive, and productive.

During our permaculture retreats, we explore this principle hands-on. Participants learn to reflect on what’s working well and what could be improved, developing the skill of listening deeply to the signals from their gardens and broader ecosystems. Over time, this practice fosters a more intuitive understanding of the natural world, helping us design gardens and landscapes that thrive with minimal waste and maximum harmony.